Energy storage is one of the keys to the management and distribution of energy resources in the coming years. Three major application areas can be identified, which are delineated by the size of the storage devices: portable applications, automotive and support/management of electricity grids.

The COP21 Paris agreement provides for 100 million electric vehicles to circulate in 2030 (electric vehicles, EVs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, PHEVs, fuel cell electric vehicles, FC). Proton conduction polymeric fuel cells (PEMFCs) or anionic (AEMFCs) operating at temperatures between 50 ° C and 150 ° C are undoubtedly of great interest for possible applications in the transport sector.